What is HFMD?

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease, or HFMD, is a contagious illness caused by different viruses, most commonly the Coxsackie virus. Infants and children younger than 5 years are more likely to get this disease. However, older children and adults can also get it.

HFMD is endemic in Singapore and became legally notifiable in Oct 2000, i.e. medical practitioners, childcare centres, kindergartens with HFMD outbreaks must notify the Ministry of Health.
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Just like in any common viral infection, hand-foot-mouth disease can be transmitted from person to person through direct contact. The virus is generally found in the nose or nostrils (nasal mucus), fluids in blisters, throat secretions like saliva, and feces of an infected person. Hand-foot-mouth disease can be spread when an infected person’s unwashed or un-sanitized hand touches a surface, transferring the virus and would subsequently be touched by another person. Hand-foot-mouth disease can also be transmitted airborne when one sneezes.

An infected person may spread the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease through:

  • close personal contact,
  • the air (through coughing or sneezing),
  • contact with feces,
  • contaminated objects and surfaces.

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A person can reduce the risk of getting infected with the viruses that cause HFMD by following a few simple steps:

  • Wash your hands often with soap and water for 20 seconds, especially after changing diapers, and help young children do the same.
  • Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands.
  • Avoid close contact such as kissing, hugging, and sharing cups and eating utensils with people who have HFMD .
  • Disinfect frequently touched surfaces and objects, such as toys and doorknobs, especially if someone is sick.
  • Use air sanitizer to keep the air clean, especially for air con environments.

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  • Fever
  • Sore throat
  • Mouth ulcers on the inside of the mouth or sides of the tongue
  • Rash (flat or raised spots) or small blisters on palms of hands, soles of feet, and/or buttocks
  • Lethargy
  • Poor appetite

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  • Usually causes fever, painful sores in the mouth, and a rash on the hands and feet
  • Is a contagious disease
  • Mostly affects infants and children younger than 5 years old, but people of any age can be infected
  • Has no specific treatment
  • Infection risk can be reduced by practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands often
  • Is not the same as foot-and-mouth disease

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There are two most common variant of hand-foot-mouth disease: the Coxsackie A virus and Enterovirus 71 (EV-71). The more serious of the two hand-foot-mouth disease virus strain, Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) type of hand-foot-mouth disease is notable for causing severe neurological diseases like fatal encephalitis in children, including infants and toddlers.
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Poiema clean air system is powered by TPA technology which uses the patented electrodes to generate an unique electrical field, which traps pollutants and common allergens to continuously create fresh and clean air. TPA will eliminate airborne threats over a wide size range, as small as 0.02 microns.
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